Suchergebnisse

Prologue -- Up and coming -- The good wife -- The Black elite -- The good life -- The good citizen -- Activist couple -- Backsliding -- Confronting lost ground -- National Afro-American Council -- Black history pioneer -- Courting controversy -- Struggling -- Father and sons -- Disillusioned -- Life's work -- Ironic fruits -- New negro/Old cit -- Epilogue.

Intro -- FOREIGN AID: ANALYSES OF EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS AND DONOR COORDINATION -- FOREIGN AID: ANALYSES OF EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS AND DONOR COORDINATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 DOES FOREIGN AID WORK? EFFORTS TO EVALUATE U.S. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- DOES AID WORK? A BRIEF SUMMARY -- IMPACT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS -- HISTORY OF U.S. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE EVALUATION -- EVALUATION CHALLENGES -- Mixed Objective -- Funding and Personnel Constraints -- Emphasis on Accountability of Funds -- Methodological Challenges -- Compressed Timelines -- Country Ownership and Donor Coordination -- Security -- Agency and Personal Incentives -- APPLYING EVALUATION FINDINGS TO POLICY -- CURRENT AGENCY EVALUATION POLICIES -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Reform Authorization Legislation -- Appropriations for Enhanced Evaluation -- Impact of Evidence Based Approach on Congressional Priorities -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX A. SELECT ASPECTS OF CURRENT USAID, STATE DEPARTMENT, AND MCC EVALUATION POLICIES -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 FOREIGN AID: INTERNATIONAL DONOR COORDINATION OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE -- WHY COORDINATE? -- WHY NOT COORDINATE? -- INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DONOR COORDINATION -- WPAE High Level Forums -- Rome High Level Forum on Donor Harmonization -- Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness -- Accra Agenda for Action -- Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation -- The Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation -- IMPLEMENTING DONOR COORDINATION -- Global Mechanisms -- Use of Multilateral Organizations -- Joint Assistance Strategies -- Sector-Wide Approaches (SWAps) -- Data Sharing -- U.S.-Specific Mechanisms for Donor Coordination -- USAID Guidance -- USAID Coordination Officers -- Coordinators of Cross-Cutting Initiatives

AbstractMelbourne's Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) was legislated in 2002 and expanded substantially in 2010. Although based on strategic planning goals, UGBs have the capacity to influence land and housing markets. Landowners on the rural–urban fringe are a stakeholder group directly impacted by UGB policy, with multiple interests in containment policies and any land‐value effects. Following the 2010 expansion, substantial windfall profits to "instant millionaire" Melbourne landowners were openly reported. This paper critically interprets claims made by landowners in 264 public submissions responding to the proposed UGB expansion, and to an accompanying new policy instrument, the Growth Areas Infrastructure Contribution (GAIC). The GAIC was, in effect, a hypothecated tax on betterment expected to result from the UGB shift. Landowners commonly expressed fears that the UGB shift would not result in claimed value increases. On this basis, the GAIC was revised such that it is—at least in intention—a system wherein the tax is to be paid by housing developers and passed forward to homebuyers. The paper argues that the series of changes to the UGB and GAIC, including the modified "purchaser pays" system, may be understood as a response to rent‐seeking policy pressures from existing landowners as "insiders." Although the unpopularity of the GAIC with landowners might have been anticipated, the outcome appears to legitimise their misinterpretation of the premise of development gain. A broader implication is that rent‐seeking behaviour by existing property owners can determine whether and how strategic planning policies are implemented.